Environmental A Natural Resource Economics â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Environmental A Natural Resource Economics? Answer: Introduction Global warming has been one of the issues of pertaining debates and concerns among the environmentalists, policy-makers and governing authorities across the globe, since the last century. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution the problem has aggravated even more as the uncontrolled industrial activities went on increasing, thereby causing considerable adverse effects on the global environment. Over the years, lack of awareness, clubbed with tremendous urbanization and globalization led to substantial usage of petrol, diesel and other non-renewable fossil-fuels, which in its turn added to the burden of global carbon emission and the resulting rise in the temperature of world (Trenberth and Fasullo 2013). In the recent times, understanding the adversity of this phenomenon, many countries are trying to take reform measures to combat and mitigate the magnitude of the problem. The essay takes into account the policy announced by France, to ban all the petrol and diesel driven cars by 2040 and assuming the policy to be enacted tries to look from the economic point of view, the market failure which is subjected to by this policy. It also discusses about the possible effects of this ban on the related industries, using the economic concepts of demand and supply (Independent.co.uk 2017). Banning policy announced by France The above discussed policy to ban diesel and petrol vehicles, as announced by the new environment minister of the country, falls under the cluster of reform measures that targets to make the country entirely carbon neutral by the end of 2050. Together, these policies, as thought by the governing authority, can be considered as commendable on part of the countrys policy-makers as these in the long run shows potential to efficiently target the ever-persisting grave issues of environmental degradation, pollution and global warming. Being a part of the commitments made by the country in the Paris Agreement, this plan also includes the termination of palm oil imports from any part of the world as the same also significantly contributes to a massive level of deforestations in many parts of the world. This policy, if enacted appropriately, may have huge implications on the country and the world as a whole, not only in the environmental perspective but also in many other aspects. In terms of economics, the need for this policy can be explained in terms of the concept of market failure, which the policy is expected to target (Dolfsma 2013). This is explained in the following section. Market Failure and negative externalities In terms of economics, a market failure can be defined as the situation, which arises when there is inefficiency in allocation of the scarce resources across the economy, such that there remain opportunities to make some people better off without making any other person worse off. This in its turn, often gives rise to a linked situation of negative externality in the market (Keohane and Olmstead 2016). The term externality, in economics, means the effect (positive or negative) which is experienced by some individual, due to the occurrence of a transaction, in which he or she is not directly involved. In this context, negative externality can be referred to as the cost, which the individual, being a third party, incurs, without being directly participating in the transaction (Rezai, Foley and Taylor 2016). Market Failure in Pollution: This aspect of market failure takes into account the unfair burden of costs, which arises from the production of goods, and services, which involves emission of pollutants in the atmosphere, thereby decreasing the overall welfare of the society as a whole. In the concerned scenario, the excessive usage of petrol and diesel driven cars gives rise to a similar kind of situation (Naud 2013). The non-renewable fossil fuels like petrol and diesel are sources of huge carbon and green house emission following combustion. The usages of these in the vehicles, therefore, increases the carbon content in the atmosphere, significantly, which form a part of the trace gases, the latter having the characteristics of absorbing heat in low frequencies. This in turn, leads to an overall increase in the temperature of the global atmosphere, which in other words is known as Global Warming and has huge negative implications on the overall global welfare and also poses as a credible threat to human existence (Lehmann 2012). Therefore, it can be seen that the cost of using petrol and driven cars are higher than the private cost of the users of these cars as it also includes a huge social cost, which can be shown with the help of the following diagram: Figure 1: Negative externalities in Pollution (Source: As created by the author) As can be seen from the above figure, the equilibrium in the free market occurs at the point where the marginal private cost is equal to the marginal benefit that is at the point A, with the equilibrium output being Q and the price being P. However, as the commodity here is fossil fuel, the marginal social cost of using the same, is higher than that of the marginal private cost as it also involves the loss of welfare of the third party individuals in the society as a whole who are not directly involved in this usage of petrol and diesel. Therefore, in this scenario, there is a loss of welfare in the society, of amount CAB (Tietenberg and Lewis 2016). If the socially acceptable output has to be taken into account, then the point of production will be B, where the marginal social cost equated the marginal benefits. As can be seen from the above diagram, the output, in this case, reduces to Q1 and price increases to P1. The policy, as announced by France, plans to decrease the usage of fossil fuel to socially optimal level by implementing the ban on the petrol and diesel vehicles (Carraro, Katsoulacos and Xepapadeas 2013). Remedies for market failure In general the policies targeted to reduce negative externalities include agreements between the parties involved or the intervention of the government, which taxes the parties creating negative externalities and subsidizes those are adversely affected by the same, according to the Coase Theorem. In this scenario, the government of France has designed policies of premiums for the poorer section of households, which will help them exchanging their vehicles for cleaner ones. The producers of these vehicles are expected to experience the taxing burden in the form of loss of sales with the implementation of the policy, which thereby abides by the Coase Theorem (Chipman and Tian 2012). Effects on ban on related markets The petrol and diesel driven cars being the backbone of transport in any country, imposing a ban on them, implies a huge paradigm shift in the transport industry of the country, thereby affecting the overall productivity of the economy significantly. Robust and cost effective alternatives need to be developed and implemented, as more or less every industry of an economy is related to the transport infrastructure of that economy (Ostrom et al. 2012). In this scenario, the imposition of a ban on the petrol and diesel vehicles will hamper the industry of petrol and diesel vehicle, in the international scenario, adversely as they will suffer from a severe fall in the demand: Figure 2: Fall in demand for petrol and diesel vehicles (Source: As created by the author) Figure 2 shows the reduction in the overall demand of petrol and diesel vehicles, that the industry in the global scenario is expected to face due to the imposition of the ban as has been proposed by the Government of France. On the other hand, with the recent awareness generation regarding the adverse effects of fossil fuels, many automobile companies are coming up with innovations in this field. They are emphasizing on electricity and other renewable sources for their vehicles. Some of the pioneers in this field are Tesla, BMW and others. The government of many countries are also introducing eco-friendly public transports which are made by different companies in order to address this issue. Therefore, the ban on the petrol and the diesel vehicles by France, is expected to increase the demand for eco-friendly cars both by the private households as well as government as the ban is expected to increase the usage of public transports. Figure 3: Increase in demand for vehicles using renewable fuel resources (Source: As created by the author) The ban can therefore, increase the overall demand for eco-friendly transports significantly, which, as can be seen from the above figure, can attract new players in the market and also can influence the old suppliers to change the nature of their vehicles from polluting ones to eco-friendly ones, thereby strengthening the eco-friendly transport industry (Tacconi 2012). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that the ban on petrol and diesel vehicles, as has been announced by the French Government, being a commendable step towards achieving pollution free environment, also is expected to have significant implications on the economic scenario of the country as well. The policy targets to reduce the market failure, which arises in case of pollution, which creates huge social costs over the marginal private costs and leads to negative externalities. As can be seen from the above discussion, the policy, if enacted properly, can lead to significant shift in the global transport industry (both positive and negative), which in turn can affect the economic scenario of the country itself and the global economic scenario as a whole. References Carraro, Carlo, Yiannis Katsoulacos, and Anastasios Xepapadeas, eds.Environmental policy and market structure. Vol. 4. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Chipman, John S., and Guoqiang Tian. "Detrimental externalities, pollution rights, and the Coase Theorem."Economic Theory49, no. 2 (2012): 309-327. Dolfsma, Wilfred.Government failure: Society, markets and rules. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. Independent.co.uk, Chloe. 2017. "France Is Banning All Petrol And Diesel Vehicles".The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/france-petrol-diesel-ban-vehicles-cars-2040-a7826831.html. Keohane, Nathaniel O., and Sheila M. Olmstead. "Introduction." InMarkets and the Environment, pp. 1-10. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. Lehmann, Paul. "Justifying a policy mix for pollution control: a review of economic literature."Journal of Economic Surveys26, no. 1 (2012): 71-97. Naud, Wim. "Entrepreneurship and economic development: Theory, evidence and policy."Browser Download This Paper(2013). Ostrom, Elinor, Christina Chang, Mark Pennington, and Vlad Tarko. "The Future of the Commons-Beyond Market Failure and Government Regulation." (2012). Rezai, Armon, Duncan K. Foley, and Lance Taylor. "Global warming and economic externalities." InThe Economics of the Global Environment, pp. 447-470. Springer International Publishing, 2016. Tacconi, Luca. "Redefining payments for environmental services."Ecological Economics73 (2012): 29-36. Tietenberg, Thomas H., and Lynne Lewis.Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge, 2016. Trenberth, Kevin E., and John T. Fasullo. "An apparent hiatus in global warming?."Earth's Future1, no. 1 (2013): 19-32.

Academic Success Strengthening in Scholar Writing

Question: Write an essay on Academic Success Strengthening in Scholar Writing? Answer: Author, year Type (study, literature review, article, web site) Topic Main Points Harold Kim and Jorge Mazza, 2011 It is a journal article includes the literature review and discussion of the subject matter. Asthma Clinical Immunology Asthma is a respiratory disease, which affects the respiratory system of people. The article is based on the exploration of the diagnosis system in Canada in order to improve and get control over such disease. One of the main focuses on such article is determining that inhaled corticosteroids are initially representing standard care for the asthma patients. The adults who cannot take the control over the ICS therapy mostly prefer to inhale the combination of ICS/Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA). Allergen-specific immunotherapy is providing to the patients and this is one of the most significant modifying therapies, which includes the appropriate training for the physicians to protect from allergies. The control over asthma by regular monitoring, application of inhaling techniques, and other therapies are also essential for eliminating such disease. The article discusses the linking of the current literature and guidelines for facilitating the proper diagnosis and management of asthm a. Asthma is considered as the chronic inflammatory disease, which is associated with the hyper responsiveness of airways within lungs. The diagnosis process of asthma considers the medical experiments and the assessments of several objectives. The measurement of the lung functions indicates the reversible airway obstruction. The lung functions tests are normal and the symptoms indicates the disease of asthma. The study includes the ways of treating the asthma patients and signifies the way of getting control over such disease. Kimberly Nguyen, Justin Peng and Eilee Boulay, 2010 It is a journal article, which contains the aim, literature, objectives of the research study regarding the Asthma and Allergy Educators. Effect of Smoking on the Association Between Environmental Triggers and Asthma Severity Among Adults in New England One of the key aspects of this study is to identify the environmental triggers that are associated with the severe condition of asthma. The author has examined the linking between the use of the controller medication and socio-demographic characteristic. New England has been using the Behaviour Risk Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) Asthma Call Back Data. The journal discusses about the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines to make people aware of such respiratory disease and the ways to control over it. The study provides the idea about the ways of preventing such disease by applying the self management procedure. It was reported that the vast majority of adults get the disease of asthma. Cigarette smoking and ETS are considered as the contributors of the severe forms of asthma. The cross sectional studies are associated with the several limitations. One of the most prominent limitations is the lack of casual inference, which makes the study more difficult to analyse the involvement of the environmental factor. It has been seen that people are cooking in gas is associated with such disease more specifically. The lack of inference is thus much concentrating on the determined existence of treatment to control over such disease. Sveum R, Bergstrom J, Brottman G, Hanson, M, Heiman M, Johns K, Malkiewicz J, Manney S, Moyer L, Myers C, Myers, N, OBrien M, Rethwill M, Schaefer K, Uden D, 2012 This is a journal article includes the Evidence-based research discussion paper. Institute for Clinical System Improvement The article includes the ICSI Health Care Guidelines that involve the medical process developing segments. The guidelines adopted from ICSI Health Care are applied in the medical group and the electronic documents are provided accordingly. The study provides the idea of some of the Asthma Triggers and the clinical testing to ensure the prevention of such disease. The study contains the differential diagnostic possibilities for asthma by discussing the diversified obstruction related to the subject matter. The classifications of the severe forms of the asthma have been provided in this study. The medical guidelines in this study are suggesting several work groups as the key strategies for incorporating the support. Facilitating the timely and accurate diagnosis of this disease would be eliminating the severe forms. It is important to educate the health care practitioners while using the spirometry as the diagnostic tool. The patients and the practitioners need to know the importance of developing the partnerships by utilizing the ICSI collaborative Conversation. The shared decision making model is helpful in establishing and maintaining the action plan based on this disease by addressing the adherence. Wenping Zhang, Xianliang Chen, Lijun Ma, Jizhen Wu, Limin Zhao, Hongyan Kuang, Taibo Huang, Jianjian Cheng, Luoxian Zhang, Yong Qi, Beibei Sun and Hongyan Niu, 2014 This is a journal research paper associated with the proper methodological style Epidemiology of Bronchial asthma and asthma control assessment in Henan Province, China The study includes the prevalence of bronchial asthma. The study assessment also provides the treatment of asthma in accordance with the syndrome. In Henan Province, the asthma prevalence is comparatively low. However, it has been reported that the urbanised people get the prevalence of asthma more than the rural people. Asthma people usually get insufficient medication, which causes suboptimal asthma. It is to be notified that the Bronchial Asthma is a common disease that affects the respiratory system of the mankind. In this journal article the cross-sectional study has been conducted randomly. The questionnaire distribution provides the idea of the ratio of the affected people and the severity of such disease. The cross-sectional observational study provides the idea of the prevalence rate of the asthma in Henan province. In the year of 2000, the prevalence rate of asthma disease in China was 1.05%. The study includes the recognizable relationship between the socioeconomic status and asthma prevalence. The generalized idea obtained from this study is indicating that both the patients and the practitioners need to be much educated regarding such disease. The importance of receiving much education would simplify the treatment and control over the disease more significantly. U.S. Department of Health Human Services 2014 This is a website blog https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ How Is Asthma Treated and Controlled Asthma is a long term disease that is not curable by the help of any treatment. Asthma can only be treated with the objective to keep it in control with the help of certain medicines so that patient could breathe in a better way. The treatment of asthma is associated with the prevention of chronic and troublesome symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath. Once these symptoms are treated with prior importance then only asthma will remain in control. There are several things that should be maintain to keep control on asthma such as less need of quick relief medicines. It is also important to maintain a good lung function. Normal activity of a person is also important because it reduces the stress level of the patients. American College of Allergy, Asthma Immunology 2014 This is a website article https://acaai.org/ Asthma Treatment. Often the best way to control asthma symptoms is to avoid whatever causes them There are many reasons that trigger asthma such as pollen, dust mites, cockroaches, molds, animal dander, smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes and strong odors. Allergenic materials are one of the main reasons that increase asthma. Proper medication is very necessary for the patients. Regular use of medication will help patients to remain in good conditions. Only medicine cannot control asthma lifestyle is also necessary. Steroids are the medicine for asthma treatment that should be used with proper guidance from the doctor. Exercise also helps to control asthma. Asthma guidelines are given in the website therefore all the information that is important for the patient is available. There is no exact cause of asthma but exposure to allergen for long time will trigger the risk of asthma. Other symptoms are caught, breathing problem, chest tightness, shortness of breath and wheezing. Website: Authority Yes/No Details Is there an author? No Is the author qualified on the subject? No Is there a sponsor? Yes National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Is the sponsor reputable? Yes National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute run by government of USA that has good reputation throughout the world. Is there contact information for the author and/or sponsor? Yes Anyone can contact them through their website where all the contact information are given such as e-mail id, phone number and postal address. Accuracy Is the purpose of the site clear? What is the purpose of the site? Yes The purpose of the site is to provide proper information to the victims of asthma for better guidance. Is the site free from error? Yes There is no error in the website What is the domain of the site? Is it a university, government, professional association, commercial host, advocacy group, or publisher? Yes https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ It is a government website with no profit motive Objectivity Is there advertising material? No Is there a bias to the information? No Since there is no profit motive therefore the biasness is also less Currency When was the page last updated? Yes August 4 2014 Are there any broken links? No Coverage Is the information adequately covered compared to other websites? Yes Yes the website is completely informative and provide lot of information to the public Do the links complement the information? Yes Is there a balance between text and images? No Images are less and text are more therefore it is difficult to understand without knowledge in the subject Is the information presented cited correctly? Yes No in text is used in the website Website: Authority Yes/No Details Is there an author? No Is the author qualified on the subject? No Is there a sponsor? Yes American College of Allergy, Asthma Immunology Is the sponsor reputable? Yes American College of Allergy, Asthma Immunology is well known in health sector Is there contact information for the author and/or sponsor? Yes 85 West Algonquin Road Suite 550 Arlington Heights, IL 60005 Phone: (847) 427-1200 Fax: (847) 427-1294 e-mail: mail@acaai.org Accuracy Is the purpose of the site clear? What is the purpose of the site? Yes The purpose of the site is to provide proper information to the victims of asthma for better guidance. Is the site free from error? Yes There is no error in the website What is the domain of the site? Is it a university, government, professional association, commercial host, advocacy group, or publisher? Yes https://acaai.org/ It is a University website with no motive of doing profit Objectivity Is there advertising material? No Is there a bias to the information? No Since there is no motive of making profit therefore the biasness is also less Currency When the page was last updated? Yes 2014 Are there any broken links? No Coverage Is the information adequately covered compared to other websites? Yes Yes the website is completely informative and provide lot of information to the public Do the links complement the information? Yes Is there a balance between text and images? No Images are given in proper ratio Is the information presented cited correctly? Yes No in text is used in the website Website: Authority Yes/No Details Is there an author? No Is the author qualified on the subject? No Is there a sponsor? Yes National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Is the sponsor reputable? Yes National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute run by government of USA that has good reputation throughout the world. Is there contact information for the author and/or sponsor? Yes Anyone can contact them through their website where all the contact information are given such as e-mail id, phone number and postal address. Accuracy Is the purpose of the site clear? What is the purpose of the site? Yes The purpose of the site is to provide proper information to the victims of asthma for better guidance. Is the site free from error? Yes There is no error in the website What is the domain of the site? Is it a university, government, professional association, commercial host, advocacy group, or publisher? Yes https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ It is a government website with no profit motive Objectivity Is there advertising material? No Is there a bias to the information? No Since there is no profit motive therefore the biasness is also less Currency When was the page last updated? Yes August 4 2014 Are there any broken links? No Coverage Is the information adequately covered compared to other websites? Yes Yes the website is completely informative and provide lot of information to the public Do the links complement the information? Yes Is there a balance between text and images? No Images are less and text are more therefore it is difficult to understand without knowledge in the subject Is the information presented cited correctly? Yes No in text is used in the website Website: Authority Yes/No Details Is there an author? No Is the author qualified on the subject? No Is there a sponsor? Yes American College of Allergy, Asthma Immunology Is the sponsor reputable? Yes American College of Allergy, Asthma Immunology is well known in health sector Is there contact information for the author and/or sponsor? Yes 85 West Algonquin Road Suite 550 Arlington Heights, IL 60005 Phone: (847) 427-1200 Fax: (847) 427-1294 e-mail: mail@acaai.org Accuracy Is the purpose of the site clear? What is the purpose of the site? Yes The purpose of the site is to provide proper information to the victims of asthma for better guidance. Is the site free from error? Yes There is no error in the website What is the domain of the site? Is it a university, government, professional association, commercial host, advocacy group, or publisher? Yes https://acaai.org/ It is a University website with no motive of doing profit Objectivity Is there advertising material? No Is there a bias to the information? No Since there is no motive of making profit therefore the biasness is also less Currency When the page was last updated? Yes 2014 Are there any broken links? No Coverage Is the information adequately covered compared to other websites? Yes Yes the website is completely informative and provide lot of information to the public Do the links complement the information? Yes Is there a balance between text and images? No Images are given in proper ratio Is the information presented cited correctly? Yes No in text is used in the website Website: Authority Yes/No Details Is there an author? No Is the author qualified on the subject? No Is there a sponsor? Yes National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Is the sponsor reputable? Yes National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute run by government of USA that has good reputation throughout the world. Is there contact information for the author and/or sponsor? Yes Anyone can contact them through their website where all the contact information are given such as e-mail id, phone number and postal address. Accuracy Is the purpose of the site clear? What is the purpose of the site? Yes The purpose of the site is to provide proper information to the victims of asthma for better guidance. Is the site free from error? Yes There is no error in the website What is the domain of the site? Is it a university, government, professional association, commercial host, advocacy group, or publisher? Yes https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ It is a government website with no profit motive Objectivity Is there advertising material? No Is there a bias to the information? No Since there is no profit motive therefore the biasness is also less Currency When was the page last updated? Yes August 4 2014 Are there any broken links? No Coverage Is the information adequately covered compared to other websites? Yes Yes the website is completely informative and provide lot of information to the public Do the links complement the information? Yes Is there a balance between text and images? No Images are less and text are more therefore it is difficult to understand without knowledge in the subject Is the information presented cited correctly? Yes No in text is used in the website Website: Authority Yes/No Details Is there an author? No Is the author qualified on the subject? No Is there a sponsor? Yes American College of Allergy, Asthma Immunology Is the sponsor reputable? Yes American College of Allergy, Asthma Immunology is well known in health sector Is there contact information for the author and/or sponsor? Yes 85 West Algonquin Road Suite 550 Arlington Heights, IL 60005 Phone: (847) 427-1200 Fax: (847) 427-1294 e-mail: mail@acaai.org Accuracy Is the purpose of the site clear? What is the purpose of the site? Yes The purpose of the site is to provide proper information to the victims of asthma for better guidance. Is the site free from error? Yes There is no error in the website What is the domain of the site? Is it a university, government, professional association, commercial host, advocacy group, or publisher? Yes https://acaai.org/ It is a University website with no motive of doing profit Objectivity Is there advertising material? No Is there a bias to the information? No Since there is no motive of making profit therefore the biasness is also less Currency When the page was last updated? Yes 2014 Are there any broken links? No Coverage Is the information adequately covered compared to other websites? Yes Yes the website is completely informative and provide lot of information to the public Do the links complement the information? Yes Is there a balance between text and images? No Images are given in proper ratio Is the information presented cited correctly? Yes No in text is used in the website

Need to Know About the CUNT Essay Sample

Need to Know About the CUNT Essay SampleA CUNT is required to complete an admission essay sample, as it could be required for prospective colleges or universities. The CUNT is a required writing sample or essay and is a document containing the description of the objective of the college or university. Every college or university requires this type of documents to be given to prospective students in order to determine their basic interest or interests.The CUNT can also be given by visiting the campus where the college or university is located. The college or university will need to have a copy of the essay in hand before the student can read and decide on whether or not they are interested in enrolling into that particular college or university. The CUNT is very important because it contains the basic information about the school. The primary goal of a college or university is to provide and nurture the best student with the best knowledge, skill, attitude, and academic capability.The re are a number of possible ways that a prospective student could choose to write their CUNT. A student could also choose to write their own CUNT, but they would be required to prepare a short draft for it. This is important because students must understand that all students will be provided with a copy of the CUNT, so it is important to know how they should present themselves and their profile for them to make an accurate decision. Some may choose to use a 'writing' style CUNT, where they would have to describe their background, their personality, their skills, talents, passions, and history, in brief.The CUNT should be as detailed as possible so that a student can make a good impression of themselves on their CUNT. There are several writing styles that can be used. It is important to make sure that they are all used to avoid inconsistency in the writing. If the reader is able to identify a major difference between the student's personality and their essays, they are likely to have trouble reading it and understand the entire essay.In addition to the CUNT, there are other writing samples that can be used to help make a student's decision on whether or not they should attend the college or university. The writing samples are created by asking students what they are hoping to accomplish and in turn the writers create a short draft, or outline for each student. The outline is based on each student's objective and the role they plan to play within the college or university. There are also examples of common topics that the students ask for advice on.The writing samples provided by the college or university must be made up according to the purpose of the essay. The college or university is searching for individuals who are intellectually curious and creative in order to give their students a unique education and experience. They also want to ensure that the students are able to handle academic and extracurricular responsibilities and cope with life in a community. The writing samples can include every facet of the college or university. There are things that may not apply to all students.A CUNT is used as an admissions essay sample, it is meant to be used and remembered, and can be used to make a good impression on the potential student that applies. Colleges and universities look for individuality and creativity in students when they accept them into their program. They want to provide students with an educational experience that is both academically challenging and spiritually fulfilling. It is important to remember that a CUNT is not required for every college or university, however it is the most effective tool that could be used by a prospective student to make a final decision.

Alpha And Omega Of Active Compasion Essays -

Alpha And Omega Of Active Compasion Alpha and Omega of Active Compassion Have you ever walked down a crowded city street and looked down to see a homeless man stretching out his soiled hand in hopes of a measly dollar? As human beings, are we obligated to give this man our earning? And just how much do we give him? A dollar? Our VISA card? We have a general responsibility, as residents of civilization, to our fellow man, as long as it doesn't interfere with our own personal progress. The ideals of welfare, charity, and the generous foreign policies are all prime examples of our aid to others, but the world is still uncertain on, ?how much do we give. The idea of welfare was founded in the United States around the time of the great depression. It was meant to temporarily help the financially less fortunate. This was intended to get the ball rolling for the economy. The government would play ?Robin Hood? by taking from those who had money, and giving it to help those who didn't. In time, they would put their feet back on the ground and would no longer need the relief of their government. This was a very kind and productive way to help our fellow man in his time of need. Unfortunately somewhere along the line the idea of helping the broke modified, and we were simply giving them money when they had no intention on recovering from the debts of poverty. And so we continued to show everyone else how to get money for free. This is an excellent example on how we exceeded our obligation to others. Instead of a few dollars of generosity to uphold others, we give up to half of our earnings to support those who choose not to help themselves. By doing this, we have slowed our individual progress in society. Charity is another form of helping the less fortunate persons on earth. That, unlike welfare, is to be executed at our own discretion. There is no forcing hand in charity, although sometimes we still do not know were to our responsibly begins and ends. Some individuals feel they have no responsibility toward others, and some feel they have no boundaries to their giving. How much should we give? Is it sufficient to toss a quarter or two into a cup of a broken man on the boardwalks of Atlantic City? Or should we take the man under our wings, feed, clothe and house him? The idea seems silly, but it helps us draw the line to where our responsibility to our fellow man begins and ends. The loss of pocket change wound not interfere with our lives, but the taking in of a strange man would certainly slow the progress of our success. That is where we stop giving. The stunning of development of one potentially fortuitous human being isn't worth the slight elevation of an already broken man. Tha t would simply slow the growth of civilization. The foreign policies of the United States, in particular, are more than generous. Week after week, taxes are taken out of paycheck by the government. This money in turn does not always flow back to our masses, but the masses of other nations. It is understood that the poverty levels of the less flourishing countries are extreme. We know they are starving, freezing, and dying. So our government sends the taxes collected to those countries in need. That would be acceptable if we ourselves didn't have citizens starving, freezing, and dying. That is just one more example of how we have anchored our progress as a nation to help others, when we ourselves need the food, cloths and homes. We all have a responsibility to our fellow man. Otherwise, civilization would not exist. But we must all know we cannot help others until we achieve perfection within ourselves. We cannot give more than we can afford to give. We cannot stop our progression to aid others, so that, in turn, we are so disadvantaged that we need help ourselves. Compassion is the key to humanity, but survival is still the key to life. Bibliography none.

Feminism and Criminology Research Paper Example

Feminism and Criminology Research Paper Example Feminism and Criminology Paper Feminism and Criminology Paper Feminism is a collection of different theoretical perspectives such as liberal, Marxist, social and radical feminism which all explain the oppression of women in different ways. Feminism re-emerged in the late 1960s and feminist criminology was a result of old, established chauvinism in the academic discipline where women were viewed as degraded minor figures. Gender should be treated as an essential part of criminology but instead its a specialist topic of study. In this essay I will attempt to discuss different branches of criminology such as, biological, social, psychological, liberal and radical feminism. Analyse them from a critics point of view and answer the fundamental question if feminism is important to the study of criminology and what kind of impact it has had over the past few decades. My essay will carefully examine and evaluate the way in which female offenders were presented and understood in criminological theory and the rise of feminist criminology. Lombroso and Ferrero were two of the first criminologists to look at female criminals and crime. Their research was mainly biological based on assessment of skulls and facial appearances. Lombroso argued that females commit less crime because they are less highly developed than males, and the female criminal was unnatural, masculine and not a normal woman. Lombroso and Ferrero, (1885) said, natural passivity of women deprived them of the initiative to break the law. Although he was discredited, the lack of crimes committed by females meant that his work continued to exert influence long afterwards. Thomas (1907) held similar views to those of Lombroso, he also argued that women are emotional and require the need to give and receive hence prostitution. : This study also marked the beginning of criminologists looking at what impact feminism can have in the study of criminology. After looking at some early views of female criminology one can argue that it assumes female crime is a direct result of their biology, not free will. Biological theories and advanced medical science can only help us improve our knowledge in understanding criminal behaviour but they do not provide enough sufficient or adequate evidence that can explain the causation of crime entirely. Early feminist critics disregard such biological theories arguing that the work of Lombroso lacks methodological sufficiency. Female offenders remain invisible in classical criminology as well as in subcultural or control theories in contrast with early biological theories. Labelling theory or British subcultural theory which looks at white working class males did not have much to say about female crime. Late 1960s saw the second wave of feminism and the work of Messerschmitt who had a big impact on social feminism. He proposed two key ideas, the first one was to understand criminality, and secondly capitalism and to grasp criminality by patriarchy which is a social system in which the father is the head of the family and men have authority over women and children. A sex based theory by Otto Pollak was developed and he argued that women were more deceitful then men, and as a result they were experts at hiding crime. He proved his theory by talking about their ability to fake orgasms. Otto also argued that statistics on womens crime from the 1950s were not accurate because of the fact that the criminal justice system was dominated by men and the fact that courts are more lenient on women. While more women work with the criminal justice system at present, yet the system is still dominated by men and law is still more lenient towards women. Critics argue on the other hand that the statistics tell us that women mostly commit low level, non violent offences such as shop lifting and are usually not a risk to public safety which could be a factor in lenient sentences. Women are considered to be more law abiding and very little research has been conducted into female crime. It can be argued that more researching into female crime can provide us with more insight into the nature of criminal behaviour. Edwards also argues that most criminologist spend a lot of time studying men. Feminism has been neglected from mainstream criminology which skewed criminologists from looking at gender, and crime has become something that is committed by men not women. Of the population born in 1954, 34% of men but only 8% of women had a conviction for a serious offence by the age of 40. This shows more men committed serious crime but also shows that crime is also committed by women and that all criminologists should consider gender. Carol Smart, a feminist critique was one of the very first criminologists of modern criminology to study women and crime. She wrote a book Women Crime and Criminology that perhaps had the greatest influence and impact on the debate of feminism. In her book she raised some fundamental issues and argued that official crime statistics data and other such datas are based on conceptual problematic bases. If criminology and the sociology of deviance are truly to play a significant role in the development of our understanding of crime, smart concludes, then they must become more than the study of men and crime . She went on to say that early criminologist such as lombroso and ferrero had harmful effect on understanding female crime. In her book smart talks about the character and nature of female offending and analyses classical and modern braches of criminology. She also implied that women remain invisible in criminology to a large scale. Tim Newburn elaborates further suggesting that its not only the invisibility but victimization of women is also ignored. Feminist Victimisation is strand of criminology in its own right as well. Smarts study was later followed by many criminologists such as Leonard, heidenson, naffine, and morrison. All of these criminologists criticised traditional criminologist for failing to recognise women in criminal terms. These are also amongst the first few feminist who looked at the neglect of women in the studies of crime and sexual stereotype of women. Criminology is nothing more than specialised theories of male delinquency and crime (White, R. D. 2000). Psychological theories of women criminality are linked to the works of Freud (1927). He was known as the father of psychoanalysis and his work was highly influential. He also argued that women are inferior to men and he believed that defecting qualities in females were a result of masculinity complex. Freud uses the Greek mythological character Oedipal to uncover his theory that females fail to overcome the Oedipal complex where a sex is attracted to opposite the sex parent thus making them morally inferior, week and unable to control there impulses. This kind of theory is open to criticism and is not considered valid in the study of female criminality because inferiority in females is not due to Oedipal conflict, but simply because of the unnatural relationship of male dominance that exists between the sexes. (White, R. D. 2000) Socio economic theorists reject the masculinisation as cause of crime. Socio economic theorists have also looked at criminology and believe that illegitimate expression of the role of expectation is the cause of crime. Females with this theory are seen to engage in criminal activity, when the legitimate roads to achieve social goals are closed and illegitimate left open. Studies within this theory suggest women are likely to engage in crime when economically disadvantaged, concluding that female criminal behaviour is linked to their socialisation or opportunity Post modern feminism has little or even no impact on feminism nevertheless feminism and post modernism had criticised criminology in many ways. This approach argues that women are viewed as inferior, emotive and biologically determined. They believe that women are rational offenders and that women commit crime for rational reasons whereas it is men who can be irrational and are involved in criminal behaviour. This branch of feminism looks at women and crime from outside mainstream criminology thinking. This shows that mainstream criminology is dominated by men and is about men studying men. During late 1960s the womens liberation movement also played a vital role in introducing greater social, economical and political equality. Liberal Feminism is fundamental to the study of criminology because it demands equality. Liberal Feminism focuses its attention on liberation of women and stresses on change towards the expected role of the women in society. Liberal Feminists argue that women are discriminated in the field of research and crime and that all research must take into account women in the model. Liberal critiques such as Walklate scrutinise work of otto pollak arguing his study of women and crime was discriminating and was biased towards chivalry which made the study under documented of female criminality. Liberal feminists in conclusion argue that it is essential that criminologists not only look at biology and psychology of female but also carefully consider fundamental factors such as family and personal issues that could play a role in female offending. Radical Feminism came into being around 1970s. This kind of approach focuses on patriarchy and hierarchy. (Hartman 1981) Where Liberal Feminism is about female oppression over men, Radical Feminism is about male supremacy that oppresses women. Radical feminism is about victim studies however this study places great emphasis on the term survivor rather then victim. Since 1990s there has been quite a lot of focus on violent towards women by men. This focus of attention started a major debate in the field of feminist politics including many countries where female liberation appeared with strong points. Radical feminism also looks at other areas such as pornography and child abuse. However, Radical feminism is also open to criticism and is often criticised by the criminologists such as Burke (2001) arguing that its biological determinism. Liberal feminism and radical feminism contrast sharply in certain of their fundamental views. Liberal feminist thinking is a more reasoned, intellectual perspective than the radical feminist position, which has both emotional and political centering in its logical expressions. Black feminism grew after black and liberal womens movement. It was formed in an attempt to meet the needs of black women who felt they were being racially oppressed in black womens movement and sexually oppressed in black liberation movement black feminism and post modern feminism provide both critiques of feminist accounts and also their own perspectives that recognise the different experiences of women and of their subordination (Burke, R. H. 001:161). Another leading criminologist Gelsthorpe (1990) argued that sentencing and punishment is influenced by sexism and that women are discriminated against in areas such as crime. Gelsthorpe concluded that traditional explanations of crime and criminal behaviour are disfigured because of the focus on criminality of males and the invisibility and marginalisation of women and girls (Gelsthorpe and Morris). Women have been left out of scientific and criminological research and this resulted in distorted science. Some criminologists believe that feminism is the greatest and most decisive resolution of modernity (heller and feher 1988). Feminism is sometimes seen either as multiple or singular as though we have to make a choice along ideological as well as philosophical lines. Feminism, I shall argue, is both multiple and singular, since liberal, socialist and radical feminisms are distinctive feminisms that can and should be assessed according to the extent to which they contribute positively to the development of a post-patriarchal society. It is important to distinguish here between the way in which particular theorists regard their endeavours, and the practical implications of the positions taken. Feminism not only has a large impact but also plays a vital role in criminology as it examines how the traditional crime and criminal behaviour is not appropriate in understanding female crime and there is need for new perspectives. Although feminist criminology is not mainstream criminology, it has been quite successful in establishing its critique. This essay shows that study of women and crime is a small branch in criminology. It shows how women are not included in mainstream criminology or so called male-stream criminology. Not only is it vital that more research is conducted with women but it is also essential that such research should be situated in broader moral, political, economic and sexual spheres which influences womens position in society. The essay also attempts to show the sexism in early criminology as well as present day, fails to give explanations of female offending. Women and men go through different levels of experience throughout the life span as well as within criminal justice system and this should be a major factor when approaching the study of criminology. There is no one relationship, but a myriad of relationships between feminism and criminology. (lorrain gelsthorpe). Essay also points out how traditional criminology does very little justice and fails to explain the different ways women can be treated in criminal justice system. It is hard to deny that feminist scholarship had anything other then important impact in recent years. This impact resulted in women no longer being ignored in any major research and criminology is no longer gender blind. Some critics may still argue that all theories are still based around men. Carlen and Worrall (1987) pointed out some crucial points that feminism has had on criminology. Firstly it has called into question previous theories of law breaking, it has suggested new lines of research and finally provoked new uses for old concepts. Feminism therefore has had an impact on our understanding of women offending, their victimization, and their treatment by the criminal justice system. Although feminism has had a large impact and many studies and research method have changed but criminology is still male dominated and male oriented. I will also suggest that There is a need for something called futurist criminology, which is similar, but not quite the same as newsmaking criminology. It is a fact that old myths are frequently replaced by new myths. But it is also a fact that sophisticated criminals will use criminological theory as excuses for misbehavior. Rather than being behind them as a think tank for development of their motivational systems, it is preferable to be one step ahead, and incorporate criminological vision into our theories.

Levis Stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Levis Stadium - Essay Example The essay "Levis Stadium" talks about the Levis Stadium which serves as among the world’s best outdoor entertainment and sports venue. The Arena is a football stadium in the suburb of San Jose, San Francisco Bay area in Santa Clara, California. It is also a home to San Francisco 49ers. This stadium consists of hundreds of solar panels from three of the solar bridges connecting to the main parking area of the stadium. Therefore, the stadium is unique in the sense that it is a multi-purpose venue with fan experience and having a green technology as the prime priority. Tickets in the stadium sell massively, in the presale ticket requests stage. The monumental sellout of the tickets causes the price of the secondary market to record high, thereby most fans who fail to get tickets at the first sellout, the battle at exorbitant prices set by the brokers. The stadium has made strategic changes to ensure that ticket sell is fair enough to each fan. The current trend that the stadium uses to sell out its tickets is by online means. The online mail order design gives fans an equal opportunity to purchase tickets during sales. Efficiently, the design allows four-ticket limit for each ticket purchaser, as only one request made per person. Hence, the stadium has put a mechanism to combat the elusive ticket scalpers, having the fans as the key priority. Levis Stadium has magnificent and beautiful luxury suites and clubs seating. The stadium features some of the most innovative and world’s most modern facilities.

Recearch paper 2 Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recearch paper 2 - Statistics Project Example According to the results and analysis of obtained data presented â€Å"in the July 2001 SUR11 for study 091and the Clinical Study Report (CSR) filed with the FDA in July 200316 for study 078.17 This analysis provided evidence of the excess risk associated with rofecoxib for noncancer deaths (HR, 2.71; 95%CI, 1.57-4.68; P_.001). Most of this excess was due to heart disease deaths (HR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.54-9.51). The independent analysis also confirmed the increased risk of total mortality (HR, 2.13; 95%CI, 1.36-3.33; P_.001) first identified by the sponsor’s statistician in April 2001.14†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Psaty & Kronmal, 2008). In any case, the analysis was on the intention-to-treat principle that encompassed different events occurring within a span of 1 year of protocol 091 including additional 14 days employed in following up of the patients in order to ascertain the condition. Median is the statistical measure vividly described in the article. In the article, confirm that after the medication period of following up was the median of up to 1.7 years. In order to attain this median value as one of the measures of central tendency, the researchers used Cox Model, which was later on adjusted for purposes of accumulating ate and sex (Psaty & Kronmal, 2008). In statistics, median is the middle value or number in a given set of data. In order to find the median or middle value, the given set of data is arranged in value order from the highest to the lowest of from the lowest to the highest (Psaty & Kronmal, 2008). After arranging the data in ascending or descending order, the middle value becomes median, a measure of central tendency. 2. Interpret Inferences. Do one of the following, in everyday language without any special mathematical symbols; and make sure to have the correct measures and units. (a) Pick 3 confidence intervals (CI) from the article and give a formal interpretation for each. Answer the question: Which one is the most